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West Virginia has roughly 1.5 million acres of public land and a handful of places that carry almost all of the attention. The consequence is that a great deal of very good ground sits nearly empty, usually for one of three reasons: nobody has heard of it, the road in is gated or rough, or it is undeveloped and has nothing to advertise. Those are the places below — of them across regions.

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Canaan Mountain Backcountry: Snow When the Valley Is Bare

A plateau between Davis and Canaan Valley that holds snow after the valley floor has gone bare, built around eight miles of Plantation Trail.

Potomac Highlands 7 min read

Plantation Trail and a dozen ways off it

Canaan Mountain Backcountry is a plateau lying between Davis and Canaan Valley, running from 3,100 feet up to a high point of 4,145 feet. Plantation Trail is the spine: eight miles of it, with roughly a dozen short connectors hanging off the line.

Those connectors are how you make a day out of it. Mountainside, Railroad Grade and Lindy Run are the usual return legs, so the standard trip is out along Plantation and back on one of them rather than an out-and-back on the spine.

Beyond those three named returns, the record does not give lengths for the connectors or for the loops they form. Plan on doing arithmetic on the ground, and treat the Monongahela National Forest as the source for what is signed and what the current tread looks like.

Wet ground for most of the year

The plateau holds water. That single fact does more to shape a visit here than the elevation does: the tread stays wet through most of the year, and the ground between trails is soft rather than firm.

For walkers that means soaked feet, and it means gaiters and shoes you do not mind ruining rather than anything trying to stay dry. For runners it means splashy, rooty, deliberate running instead of fast running, even on a plateau with no sustained climbing on it.

Rhododendron tunnels, spruce and blueberry heath fill the ground between the low end of the plateau and its 4,145-foot high point. It is handsome country and slow country at the same time, and the two facts have the same cause.

Snow lies here after the valley has gone bare

The reason this mountain matters in winter is simple: snow stays up here when the valley floor below has lost its cover. That is why the ski touring in this area happens on the plateau rather than down in the valley.

Freezing changes the walking, too. The wet ground that makes a summer hike a slog firms up and fills in, and Plantation Trail becomes eight miles of obvious line for snowshoes, with short connectors available if you want to cut the day off early. Rhododendron and spruce keep a good part of the route sheltered.

The network for cross-country skiing is the same one: Plantation Trail plus the dozen connectors, laid largely on old logging grades between 3,100 and 4,145 feet. Whether any of it is groomed is not published anywhere in this record. Ask in Davis, or ask the Forest Service, before you drive up expecting a track.

The riding the Davis shops point you toward

This is the mountain bike network that White Grass and the shops in Davis send riders to. Eight miles of Plantation Trail plus its connectors, most of it following old logging grades, adds up to a real day of riding within reach of the Canaan Valley lodges.

Set your expectations by the ground, not the mileage. Because the plateau holds water, this is wet and rooty tread for most of the season rather than dry hardpack, and the speed you carry through it will be lower than the map suggests.

The return legs are the same ones hikers use — Mountainside, Railroad Grade and Lindy Run — so loops are built the same way. No difficulty ratings are published for any of it, which is a good argument for asking in Davis which lines suit the bike you brought.

Sleeping on a plateau that holds water

An overnight here is a loop problem before it is a camping problem: eight miles of spine, a dozen short connectors, and one of the three named legs to come back on. It is the closest real backcountry walking to the Canaan Valley lodges, which makes it an easy first night out for anyone based nearby.

Camping means finding your own ground off Plantation Trail or a connector. No designated sites, no permit rules and no water sources are published for this plateau. Soil that stays wet most of the year narrows the choice of a decent tent spot considerably, so give yourself daylight to look.

Check the current rules with the Monongahela National Forest before you plan a dispersed night. That is the agency whose recreation pages carry this network, and it is the only place that can tell you what is actually permitted this season.

Why this plateau sits where it does

Everything in West Virginia above 4,000 feet is in the Potomac Highlands, and Canaan Mountain's 4,145-foot high point puts it in that company. Spruce Knob, the state's highest ground at 4,863 feet, is in the same region.

The vegetation follows the elevation. Relict boreal communities persist across this region from the last glaciation — red spruce forest, sphagnum bog and heath barrens closer to eastern Canada than to the rest of the state. The spruce and blueberry heath on this plateau, and the ground that will not drain, belong to that pattern.

The region also holds all three of the state's downhill ski areas and the White Grass Nordic center, along with four federally designated wilderness areas. Canaan Mountain is not wilderness and not a resort. It is the undeveloped plateau in between, and its appeal is that it is walkable, rideable and skiable from the same lodges people already book.

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Questions

How long is Plantation Trail on Canaan Mountain?
Plantation Trail runs eight miles and serves as the spine of the network. About a dozen short connectors branch off it, with Mountainside, Railroad Grade and Lindy Run used as the usual return legs.
Is Canaan Mountain groomed for cross-country skiing?
Grooming is not published for this network. The trails are Plantation Trail and its connectors on old logging grades, and snow lies here after the valley floor is bare. Ask in Davis or check with the Monongahela National Forest before you count on a track.
Can you camp in the Canaan Mountain Backcountry?
There are no designated sites, permit rules or water sources published for this plateau, so camping means picking your own ground off the trail. Confirm what is currently allowed with the Monongahela National Forest first.
How high is Canaan Mountain?
The plateau runs from 3,100 feet to a high point of 4,145 feet. That elevation is why it holds snow when the valley below has none, and why spruce and blueberry heath grow along the trails.

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